Here’s a unified encyclopedic table of virtues, merging the great traditions (Greek, Christian, Eastern, and modern psychology). I’ve grouped them by core theme, and noted where they appear across traditions. This way you see both the universality and the cultural nuances.
📜 Encyclopedic Table of Virtues
| Core Virtue Theme | Expressions Across Traditions |
|---|---|
| Wisdom / Understanding | Prudence (Greek, Christian), Zhi (Confucianism), Prajna (Buddhist), Love of Learning & Perspective (Positive Psychology) |
| Courage / Fortitude | Courage (Greek, Christian), Virya (Buddhist energy/effort), Bravery & Zest (Positive Psychology) |
| Justice / Fairness | Justice (Greek), Yi (Confucian righteousness), Fairness/Leadership (Positive Psychology), Righteousness (Biblical) |
| Temperance / Self-Control | Temperance (Greek/Christian), Brahmacharya (Hindu), Self-regulation & Prudence (Positive Psychology), Moderation (Stoic) |
| Faith / Trust / Integrity | Faith (Christian), Xin (Confucian integrity), Honesty (Positive Psychology), Truthfulness (Hindu Satya) |
| Hope / Optimism / Perseverance | Hope (Christian), Perseverance (Positive Psychology), Vow (Buddhist), Patience (shared across all) |
| Love / Compassion / Kindness | Charity (Christian), Ren (Confucian benevolence), Dana (Buddhist generosity), Kindness & Social Intelligence (Positive Psychology) |
| Humility / Modesty | Humility (Christian virtue), Aparigraha (Hindu non-possessiveness), Modesty (Positive Psychology) |
| Patience / Endurance | Patience (Christian, Buddhist Kshanti, Confucian harmony), Perseverance (Positive Psychology) |
| Gratitude / Contentment | Gratitude (Positive Psychology), Contentment (Stoic, Buddhist equanimity), Humility (linked in Christian tradition) |
| Generosity / Charity / Altruism | Charity (Christian), Dana (Buddhist generosity), Ahimsa (Hindu compassion/non-harm), Kindness (Positive Psychology) |
| Forgiveness / Mercy | Forgiveness (Christian & Positive Psychology), Compassion (Buddhist, Confucian) |
| Diligence / Industry / Zest | Diligence (Christian), Right Effort (Buddhist), Zest & Perseverance (Positive Psychology) |
| Beauty / Awe / Transcendence | Appreciation of Beauty & Awe (Positive Psychology), Mystical wonder (Christian contemplatives), Sublime (Stoic/Cynic traditions) |
| Spirituality / Higher Purpose | Spirituality (Positive Psychology), Faith (Christian), Dharma (Hindu/Buddhist), Tao (Daoism) |
🌍 Insights from the Table
- Four “cornerstones” (Wisdom, Courage, Justice, Temperance) show up everywhere.
- Faith, Hope, and Love/Compassion form another universal triad (Christian theology, Buddhism, Hinduism, psychology).
- Humility, Patience, Gratitude, and Forgiveness are “relational virtues” — they show up especially in traditions that focus on community harmony (Christianity, Buddhism, Confucianism).
- Transcendence & Spirituality bridge the human to the divine — always present but expressed differently (God, Dharma, Tao, or cosmic order).
✅ This gives you a master framework of ~15–16 core virtues that contain all the variations.
“virtues” can be listed in different traditions (Greek philosophy, Christianity, Buddhism, Confucianism, positive psychology, etc.), and each framework emphasizes its own set. There isn’t one final, universally agreed “exhaustive” list, but I can map out the major virtue catalogs across traditions so you have a master list to draw from.
1. Classical Greek (Plato, Aristotle, Stoics)
- Cardinal Virtues (Plato/Aristotle)
- Wisdom (Prudence)
- Courage (Fortitude)
- Moderation (Temperance)
- Justice
- Stoic Virtues (expanded by the Stoics)
- Wisdom
- Courage
- Justice
- Moderation
- (often framed as the four roots of all good character)
2. Christian Tradition
- Theological Virtues (Aquinas, Augustine):
- Faith
- Hope
- Love (Charity)
- Seven Heavenly Virtues (medieval counter to seven deadly sins):
- Chastity
- Temperance
- Charity
- Diligence
- Patience
- Kindness
- Humility
3. Eastern Traditions
- Confucian “Five Constant Virtues”
- Ren (Benevolence/Humaneness)
- Yi (Righteousness)
- Li (Propriety/Respect)
- Zhi (Wisdom)
- Xin (Integrity/Faithfulness)
- Buddhist Paramitas (Perfections)
- Generosity (Dana)
- Morality (Sila)
- Patience (Kshanti)
- Effort/Energy (Virya)
- Meditation/Concentration (Dhyana)
- Wisdom (Prajna)
(Mahayana adds 4 more: skillful means, vow, power, knowledge) - Hindu Yamas (ethical restraints)
- Ahimsa (Non-violence)
- Satya (Truthfulness)
- Asteya (Non-stealing)
- Brahmacharya (Self-control)
- Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)
4. Modern Psychology (Positive Psychology / VIA Survey)
The 24 Character Strengths (grouped under 6 virtues):
- Wisdom: Creativity, Curiosity, Judgment, Love of Learning, Perspective
- Courage: Bravery, Perseverance, Honesty, Zest
- Humanity: Love, Kindness, Social Intelligence
- Justice: Teamwork, Fairness, Leadership
- Temperance: Forgiveness, Humility, Prudence, Self-regulation
- Transcendence: Appreciation of Beauty, Gratitude, Hope, Humor, Spirituality
5. Universal Themes (when you merge traditions)
If we boil it down, here’s a composite “exhaustive” master list of core virtues humans have celebrated across cultures:
- Wisdom / Understanding / Knowledge
- Courage / Fortitude / Bravery
- Justice / Fairness / Righteousness
- Temperance / Moderation / Self-Control
- Faith / Trust / Integrity
- Hope / Optimism / Perseverance
- Love / Compassion / Kindness
- Humility / Modesty
- Patience / Endurance
- Gratitude / Contentment
- Generosity / Charity / Altruism
- Forgiveness / Mercy
- Diligence / Hard work / Zest
- Beauty / Awe / Transcendence
- Spirituality / Connection to the divine or higher purpose
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