🧠 Major Peer-Reviewed Studies on Out-of-Body and Near-Death Experiences
Below is a curated list of significant peer-reviewed studies addressing out-of-body experiences (OBEs), near-death experiences (NDEs), and veridical perceptions—accurate perceptions reported during periods of clinical unconsciousness. These studies play a central role in debates around consciousness and its potential independence from brain function.
🔹 1. Parnia, S., et al. (2014)
Title: AWARE—AWAreness during REsuscitation: A prospective study
Journal: Resuscitation, 85(12), 1799–1805
DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.09.004
- Landmark study on cardiac arrest survivors.
- Found that 2% had verified awareness during flat EEG.
- Included one verified case of accurate auditory perception during clinical death.
🔹 2. van Lommel, P., et al. (2001)
Title: Near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest: A prospective study in the Netherlands
Journal: The Lancet, 358(9298), 2039–2045
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)07100-8
- Studied 344 cardiac arrest patients; 18% reported NDEs.
- Included veridical reports and experiences during unconsciousness.
- Found no correlation with oxygen levels, drugs, or physiological factors.
🔹 3. Greyson, B. (2003)
Title: Incidence and correlates of near-death experiences in a cardiac care unit
Journal: General Hospital Psychiatry, 25(4), 269–276
DOI: 10.1016/S0163-8343(03)00053-2
- Developed and used the Greyson NDE Scale.
- Analyzed the frequency and features of NDEs among cardiac patients.
🔹 4. Fenwick, P., et al. (2002)
Title: The neurophysiology of the near-death experience
Journal: Consciousness and Cognition, 11(1), 90–98
DOI: 10.1006/ccog.2001.0502
- Reviews neurophysiological and theoretical models of NDEs.
- Suggests brain-based explanations may be insufficient to account for certain phenomena.
🔹 5. Kelly, E. W., Greyson, B., & Kelly, E. F. (2007)
Title: Unusual experiences near death and related phenomena
In: Irreducible Mind: Toward a Psychology for the 21st Century
- Part of a peer-reviewed and widely cited scholarly book.
- Catalogs and critiques materialist explanations for OBEs and NDEs.
- Includes documented cases of veridical perception.
🔹 6. Holden, J. M. (2009)
Title: Veridical perception in near-death experiences
In: The Handbook of Near-Death Experiences: Thirty Years of Investigation (Praeger)
- Reviews over 100 cases of accurate perceptions during NDEs.
- Includes OBEs verified by third-party evidence.
🔹 7. Sartori, P. (2008)
Title: The near-death experiences of hospitalised intensive care patients: A five year clinical study
Journal: Journal of Near-Death Studies, 27(1), 31–52
- UK nurse researcher documented ICU patient recollections.
- Found several cases of accurate awareness during resuscitation.
🔹 8. Mobbs, D., & Watt, C. (2011)
Title: There is nothing paranormal about near-death experiences: How neuroscience can explain seeing bright lights, meeting the dead, or being convinced you are one of them
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15(10), 447–449
DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2011.07.010
- Presents skeptical, brain-based interpretations of NDEs.
- Argues against supernatural or dualist explanations.
- Offers a critical counterbalance to other studies.
🔹 9. Nelson, K. R., et al. (2006)
Title: Does the arousal system contribute to near-death experience?
Journal: Neurology, 66(7), 1003–1009
DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000203258.90676.4c
- Links NDEs to REM intrusion and temporal lobe activity.
- Supports materialist models rooted in neurophysiology.
📚 Bonus: AWARE II (Ongoing)
- Continuation of the original AWARE study.
- Incorporates visual and auditory targets, EEG monitoring, and patient interviews.
- Preliminary findings suggest further cases of veridical perception.
- Full results pending publication.